Transformation of Sunlight energy using Solar Cells or Photovoltaic (PV) Technology

Abstract

Utilizing the photovoltaic effect, a photovoltaic (PV) or solar cell transforms the energy of sunshine directly into electricity. Although promising, PV cells' low efficiency and high production costs prevent their widespread adoption. The efficiency of PV cells has been increased via numerous initiatives to lower the cost of electricity. The partial usage of the solar spectrum can be solved by attaching a luminescent solar concentrator (LSC), which will boost the efficiency of silicon-based photovoltaic cells. Solar panels, also referred to as photovoltaic (PV) technologies, are devices that harness solar energy and use semiconducting materials to transform it into electrical energy. Then, these components known as solar cell are coupled to create bigger power-generating structures called modules or panels. To generate energy directly from sunlight, photovoltaic (PV) devices use an electrical process that occurs naturally in particular types of materials known as semiconductors. Solar energy liberates electrons from these materials, which can then be forced to move via an electrical circuit to power electrical appliances or supply power to the grid. Single photovoltaic cell produces 1 to 2 watts of power. These cells are usually thinner in shape. To withstand the elements for a long time, cells are sandwiched between protective materials comprised of a combination of glass and/or plastic.