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Transformer Protection System Using Microcontroller Based Cascaded Relay Technique
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Transformer protection systems are used to protect power transformers from any undesirable conditions. In this paper, a transformer protection system is proposed to protect transformers from very high voltages, extensive temperatures and over currents. The heart of the system is an AVR microcontroller ATmega 16A that has an inbuilt 10-bit ADC and 8 channels so that a maximum of 8 analog inputs can be measured from various sensors. The microcontroller has 16MIPS speed with a highly efficient RISC design that makes the overall design very efficient. The system uses a temperature sensor to sense temperature difference. Potential transformers are used to monitor under/over voltages. A current sensor acs712 which make use of hall effect is used to measure the load currents. All these values are analog which are processed by the ADC to take appropriate decisions to activate or deactivate the cascaded relay unit which acts as the breaker for the transformer to be protected. Relay driver chip drives the relay array from the very small current from the microcontroller. All these parameters such as voltage, temperature and current are displayed on LCD display. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified by simulation study in MATLAB/Simulink and experimental results on a 3 phase 3 kVA transformer.
Keywords: Relay, LCD, ATmega 16A, acs712 current sensor, hall effect, cascaded relay unit.
Cite this Article: Sukaina Thasneem A.S., Thangal Kunju, S. Vijayarajan, A. Karthikeyan, B. Noorul Hamitha. Transformer Protection System Using Microcontroller Based Cascaded Relay Technique. International Journal of Optical Sciences. 2020; 6(1): 12–26p
Transformer protection systems are used to protect power transformers from any undesirable conditions. In this paper, a transformer protection system is proposed to protect transformers from very high voltages, extensive temperatures and over currents. The heart of the system is an AVR microcontroller ATmega 16A that has an inbuilt 10-bit ADC and 8 channels so that a maximum of 8 analog inputs can be measured from various sensors. The microcontroller has 16MIPS speed with a highly efficient RISC design that makes the overall design very efficient. The system uses a temperature sensor to sense temperature difference. Potential transformers are used to monitor under/over voltages. A current sensor acs712 which make use of hall effect is used to measure the load currents. All these values are analog which are processed by the ADC to take appropriate decisions to activate or deactivate the cascaded relay unit which acts as the breaker for the transformer to be protected. Relay driver chip drives the relay array from the very small current from the microcontroller. All these parameters such as voltage, temperature and current are displayed on LCD display. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified by simulation study in MATLAB/Simulink and experimental results on a 3 phase 3 kVA transformer.
Keywords: Relay, LCD, ATmega 16A, acs712 current sensor, hall effect, cascaded relay unit.
Cite this Article: Sukaina Thasneem A.S., Thangal Kunju, S. Vijayarajan, A. Karthikeyan, B. Noorul Hamitha. Transformer Protection System Using Microcontroller Based Cascaded Relay Technique. International Journal of Optical Sciences. 2020; 6(1): 12–26p
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